Z-Score Calculator

A Z-score indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean. A Z-score of 0 means the score is exactly at the mean, while positive or negative scores indicate being above or below average.

The formula for a Z-score is $z = (x - \mu) / \sigma$, where $x$ is the raw score, $\mu$ is the population mean, and $\sigma$ is the population standard deviation.

Z-scores allow researchers to compare data points from different normal distributions by standardizing them into a common scale, which is crucial for probability calculations and identifying outliers.